Article 1.2 Definitions

For the purposes of this Code, unless the context otherwise requires:

Administration means the administrative, regulatory, enforcement, security, and operational bodies of the ICT, including any personnel, agencies, or units established or authorised by the Operator to carry out supervisory, compliance, or public functions within the ICT.

ADR means Alternative Dispute Resolution and includes arbitration, mediation, and other recognised non-judicial methods of resolving disputes.

Business Day means any day except Saturday, Sunday, Christmas Day, Boxing Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, or a bank holiday in the ICT; [Drafting Note: list of holidays to be adjusted depending on jurisdiction of ICT either here or in Part 5]

City Security means the integrated safety and security functions of the ICT, including emergency response, civil order maintenance, and enforcement support, as defined under Chapter 3.3 of this ICT Code.

control in the context of legal persons means the power to exercise a controlling influence over the management or policies of such entity, unless such power is solely the result of an official position therein. Any person who owns beneficially, either directly or through one or more controlled persons, more than 50% of the voting rights or securities of a legal person shall be presumed to control such entity. Any such presumption may be rebutted by evidence.

directive means a procedural, administrative, operational, or technical direction issued by an authorised ICT body under this ICT Code, where expressly permitted by this ICT Code.

Host Country means the sovereign State within whose territory the ICT is established.

ICT means an International City by Tipolis, established pursuant to a Host Country’s Establishment Law and governed in accordance with this Code and any applicable contractual arrangements.

ICT Civil Registry means the official registry, record-keeping authority, or digital system established, maintained, or recognised by the Operator for recording births, deaths, marriages, civil partnerships, domestic relationships, parentage, guardianship, capacity-related records, and other personal status matters within the ICT.

ICT Family Court means the division, chamber, or designated function of the ICT Court with jurisdiction to hear and determine family, parentage, guardianship, succession, personal status, and related matters under this ICT Code.

ICT Land Registry means the official electronic register of land title and registrable real property interests within the ICT, maintained or overseen by the Operator or a body designated by the Operator, which records title, ownership, encumbrances, registrable interests, and related dealings in accordance with this ICT Code.

ICT Code means this International City Legal Code, as adopted for application within a given ICT jurisdiction.

[insert] Code means the ICT Code name specific to [Insert name of ICT] which is simply a combination of (i) this standard ICT Code; plus (ii) any country-specific modifications set out in Part 5 of this ICT Code, including references to Host Country national laws expressly retained or referenced under the relevant ICT Establishment Law.

ICT Contractual Arrangements means [insert name], entered into between the Host Country and [Tipolis], establishing the governance and operational framework for the ICT, including the scope of autonomy and legal authority delegated to the Operator.

ICT Court means any court, tribunal, chamber, division, or judicial body constituted or recognised under Part 4 of this ICT Code with jurisdiction to adjudicate matters under ICT law. ICT Courts means the judicial bodies constituted under Part 4, Article 4.1 of this Code with jurisdiction to adjudicate matters under the ICT Code.

ICT Establishment Law means [insert name], enacted by the Host Country on [insert date], providing for the legal establishment, recognition, and status of the ICT.

ICT law means the body of law applicable within the ICT, comprising (a) this ICT Code; (b) judgments, decisions, and case law of the ICT Court and any alternative dispute resolution body recognised under this ICT Code; (c) any law of the Host Country expressly applied within the ICT pursuant to Part 5; and (d) any Residency Agreement, Investor Agreement, or other contractual instrument governing relations between the Operator and Residents or investors within the ICT.

Investor Agreement means the binding private law contract between the Operator and a person admitted as an ICT Investor, which governs investment privileges, governance rights, and other relevant terms.

Land Registrar means the Operator, or any person, office, digital authority, or body appointed, established, or authorised by the Operator to administer, maintain, or oversee the ICT Land Registry.

Master Plan means a strategic planning document for the development of the ICT, setting out the overall vision, spatial structure, design intent, infrastructure concept, urban character, and long-term development objectives of the city, which may guide the preparation and interpretation of the Urban Development Plan but does not, of itself, constitute binding development control unless expressly incorporated into the Urban Development Plan, a registered land instrument, deed, covenant, agreement, approval, or other binding instrument recognised under this ICT Code.

Ombudsman means an independent officer empowered to investigate and make non-binding recommendations regarding ICT Resident and investor complaints about administrative injustice, procedural violations, or unfair treatment within ICT legal and regulatory systems as further detailed in Article 4.1 of this ICT Code.

Operator: means the entity which holds the concession or other authority to operate the ICT, including any authorised delegate or agency exercising functions under the ICT governance framework pursuant to the ICT Establishment Law and/or the ICT Contractual Arrangements.means the entity which holds the concession to operate the ICT, including any authorised delegate or agency exercising official functions under the ICT governance framework pursuant to the ICT Establishment Law and/or the ICT Contractual Arrangements.

Residency Agreement means the binding private law contract between each ICT Resident and the Operator, which sets out the core rights, duties, and terms of engagement for residence within the ICT.

Resident or ICT Resident means a person admitted to reside within the ICT by the Operator, with any required Host Country security or immigration coordination, pursuant to a Residency Agreement or other residence permission recognised under this ICT Code.means a person who the Operator (together with the Host Country security agenices, as applicable) allows to reside within the ICT pursuant to a Residency Agreement.

Urban Development Plan means the primary planning and development control instrument of the ICT, established and maintained by the Administration, which sets out or incorporates binding urban rules, development parameters, and planning controls governing land use, development, construction, design, infrastructure, public areas, environmental performance, and related matters within the ICT, and which may also include or reference non-binding guidelines, technical standards, parcel-specific parameters, design review requirements, or other planning instruments.