Article 4.1 Scope and General Application

(a) (1) This Part sets out the fundamental principles governing the resolution of disputes arising within, connected to, or otherwise subject to the jurisdiction of the International City (the “Dispute Resolution Principles”).

(b) (2) These Dispute Resolution Principles shall apply to, and bind, all persons, whether natural or legal, and all authorities, agencies, instrumentalities, or organs exercising functions within the ICT, including residents, companies, visitors, service providers, and the Operator.

(c) (3) The Dispute Resolution Principles shall apply irrespective of the nature of the dispute, whether civil, commercial, administrative, regulatory, or otherwise, subject only to mandatory criminal law and constitutional provisions.